Self-Help Group or in-short SHGs is now a well-known concept. It is now almost two decade old. Self-help groups (SHGs) play today a major role in poverty alleviation in rural area. It is reported that the SHGs have a role in hastening country’s economic Development. SHGs have now evolved as a movement. Mainly, members of the SHGs are blogger.com Size: KB The self help groups were formed to provide micro credit facilities to rural poor women to engage them in economic activities. Present paper investigates the factors influencing the employment status of a selected group of self help group members blogger.com is renowned as the Research Paper On Self Help Groups global source for professional paper writing services at all academic levels. Our team is based in the U.S. We’re not an offshore “paper mill” grinding out questionable research and Research Paper On Self Help Groups inferior writing. But don’t take our word for it/10()
Benefits of peer support groups in the treatment of addiction
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Recently, there has been a dramatic rise in the adoption of alternative forms of peer support services to assist recovery from substance use disorders; however, often peer support has not been separated out as a formalized intervention component and rigorously empirically tested, making it difficult to determine its effects.
This article reports the results of a literature review that was undertaken to assess the effects of peer support groups, one aspect of peer support services, in the treatment of addiction.
The authors of this article searched electronic databases of relevant peer-reviewed research literature including PubMed and MedLINE. Limitations were noted on the relative lack of rigorously tested empirical studies within the literature and inability to disentangle the effects of the group treatment that is often included as a component of other services.
Peer support groups included in addiction treatment shows much promise; however, the limited data relevant to this topic diminish the ability research paper on self help groups draw definitive conclusions.
More rigorous research is needed in this area to further expand on this important line of research. Historically, peer support has been shown to be a key component of many existing addiction treatment and recovery approaches such as the research paper on self help groups reinforcement approach, 1 — 11 therapeutic communities, 12research paper on self help groups, 13 and step programs; 1415 the community reinforcement approach has demonstrated the importance of valued social roles in maintaining abstinence, which is the foundation of the peer support relationship.
Varying approaches that include a mixture of services such as peer support groups, individual counseling, and case management have emerged as a highly effective and empowering method to manage the social context of health issues and are particularly popular in the substance abuse and mental health fields. Various terminologies are used interchangeably within the literature to describe peer-related support and contexts.
For the purposes of this article, we attempted to utilize consistent language wherever possible. Research paper on self help groups, in certain instances, a term may be part of a broader term such as mentorship is a type of peer support, but mentorship is specific to an individual in later recovery providing peer support to someone in earlier recovery, which requires additional specification.
We also included this broadened scope in our definition of peer mentorship. Table 1 provides key peer support terms used throughout this review article and definitions. Since the s, a variety of residential options have emerged to help people with alcohol and drug addictions.
These programs based on the social model of recovery provide support for people in recovery from alcohol addiction in a residential environment that focuses on Alcoholics Anonymous AA philosophy and practices. Sober living houses are alcohol- and drug-free living environments for a group of peers in recovery.
Utilizing a peer-oriented social model modality, sober living houses rely on mutual sobriety support, self-efficacy, and resident participation. California Sober Living Houses and Oxford Houses are two variations of sober living houses.
For example, Jason et al 35 conducted research paper on self help groups randomized study to test the efficacy of an Oxford House intervention compared to usual care ie, outpatient treatment or self-help groups following discharge from inpatient substance abuse treatment.
Results demonstrated a significant increase in monthly income with a significant decrease in substance use and incarceration rates among those in the Oxford House condition compared with the usual-care condition. Some of the most popular peer support groups held outside the formal treatment settings for addiction nationwide include step programs such as AA, Narcotics Anonymous, and Cocaine Anonymous.
Twelve-step is an intervention for drug abuse and addiction and can include dual recovery from substance abuse problems and co-occurring mental health disorders.
Humphreys 36 found step groups to be the most referred adjunct support for professionally treated substance abuse patients. Other studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of step groups for the treatment of substance abuse following treatment, 37 — 39 and prior research of step groups has shown reductions in alcohol and drug use.
AA has been shown to be a highly utilized intervention for individuals with alcohol problems. In a focused review of the literature on AA effectiveness, six criteria were required for establishing causation: 1 magnitude of effect; 2 dose—response effect; 3 consistent effect; 4 temporally accurate effects; 5 specific effects, research paper on self help groups, and 6 plausibility.
The evidence for all criteria except specific effects was very strong. For magnitude, rates of abstinence within AA were approximately twice as high. For dose—response, higher rates of abstinence were related to higher levels of attendance. For consistency, the effects were found for different follow-up periods and different samples.
For temporal, prior AA attendance is predictive of subsequent abstinence. For plausibility, mechanisms of action predicted by behavioral change theories were present in AA. However, for specificity of an effect for step facilitation or AA, experimental evidence was mixed, with evidence for both positive and negative effects in addition to no effect. Although the peer support groups within research paper on self help groups approaches have provided benefits to select populations, some individuals with substance use disorders find the religious nature of step approaches and often lack of integration in the treatment setting to be a deterrent.
Recently, there has been a dramatic rise in the adoption of alternative forms of peer support services within treatment and community settings to assist recovery from substance use disorders, because of the potential benefits offered to patients. Peer support is delivered in a variety of modalities, including, but not limited to, in-person self-help groups, Internet support groups, peer run or operated services, peer partnerships, peers in health care settings who serve as peer advocates, peer specialists, and peer case managers.
Previous studies have shown positive outcomes from participating in peer support groups. Active engagement in peer support groups has shown to be a key predictor of recovery, 565960 and research paper on self help groups recovery. Oftentimes, peer support groups are facilitated by peer workers who themselves are in recovery and benefit positively from peer support groups. Bassuk et al 65 conducted a systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of peer support services for people in recovery from alcohol and drug addiction, which resulted in nine studies meeting the criteria for inclusion in the review.
Despite methodological limitations found in the studies, the body of evidence suggested beneficial effects on participants. In another systematic review, Reif et al 66 evaluated peer support services for individuals with substance use disorders resulting in ten studies.
The studies demonstrated increased treatment retention, improved relationships with treatment providers and social supports, increased research paper on self help groups, and reduced relapse rates.
Similar to the other reviews, there were methodological limitations that included inability to distinguish the effects of peer recovery support from other recovery support activities, small sample sizes and heterogeneous populations, research paper on self help groups, unclear or inconsistent outcomes, and lack of any or appropriate comparison groups.
In addition, step peer support studies were excluded, research paper on self help groups. This article reports the results of a literature review that was undertaken to assess the use of peer support groups, one aspect of peer recovery support services, in the treatment of addiction. In reporting the outcomes related to this review, the authors intend to: 1 encourage the field to generate further research to more rigorously investigate the effectiveness of peer support groups and explore the multitude of other specific types of peer recovery support services and 2 provide greater awareness to the advantages of peer support integration within the substance use treatment continuum for adults with addiction problems.
To effectively complete the review, the authors used a combination of searches on electronic scientific databases and screening results cross-checking the eligibility criteria to reduce the number of studies included in this article.
At certain points, the authors independently cross-checked the results. If there was a discrepancy, further information was gathered to make an accurate determination of how to proceed. The process is described later and research paper on self help groups in Figure 1. The authors of this article searched the electronic databases of relevant peer-reviewed research literature including PubMed and MedLINE.
We also cross-checked our inclusion list by running similar searches containing specific substance names as keywords eg, cocaine, alcohol, and heroin to ensure comprehensiveness. This resulted in 2, records.
The following keywords were used to identify all articles associated with several domains: substance use disorders, peer support or peer mentorship, and intervention. While critiquing and critically reviewing results within an article that included a systematic review of studies, 66 we found three research paper on self help groups studies that met our inclusion criteria, which were included.
Including three studies previously mentioned, a total of articles were screened for eligibility. Since certain groups eg, HIV, HCV, and mental health are at greater risk of having a substance use disorder, we did not exclude these populations.
As previously noted, the authors used keywords peer support or mentorship and substance use disorders to generate articles on the use of peer support groups within substance use disorder treatment to generate the initial pool of articles. We further narrowed our initial results in the current article to include only studies that focused on peer support group treatments.
However, initially, we found that empirical studies assessing peer support groups solely were very limited and that our literature search would be much improved if we included not only peer support groups independently but also studies that integrated peer support groups as a component of a larger spectrum of peer services offered. We also included traditional forms of peer support services such as step in addition to including any recent advancements within the field.
All study types that were not RCTs or quasi-experiments were excluded, research paper on self help groups, including case reports, case series, cross-sectional surveys, and other qualitative studies. Adolescents-focused studies were excluded, because they focused generally on social support and social norms and peers may not have self-identified as having substance use problems.
Cost-effectiveness studies were excluded. Article types such as books, editorials, guidelines, commentaries, dissertations, discussions, policy analyses, and newspaper or magazine articles were excluded.
Of the 16 records, ten articles were selected to be included in the article. It should be noted, however, that data were limited in finding peer support groups that were a standalone treatment as these groups were largely incorporated into a full array of peer support services being delivered, thereby posing challenges in disentangling the effects.
Table 2 provides summaries of each study selected. Abbreviations: ATR, access to recovery; CI, confidence interval; DRT, dual recovery treatment; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug user; INSPIRE, research paper on self help groups, Intervention for Seropositive Injectors—Research and Evaluation; MAP, Mentorship for Alcohol Problem; MAP-engage, Mentorship for Addiction Problems to enhance engagement to treatment; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study; OR, odds ratio; QOLR, Quality of Life Rating; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SSS, Social Support Survey; TAU, treatment as usual.
Recovery Community Research paper on self help groups Program provided a wide range of peer recovery research paper on self help groups, which included numerous self-help meetings at the RAP center that became a popular location for self-help meetings eg, AA, Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous, and Smart Recovery with several scheduled meetings daily.
RAP received participant feedback from the Government Performance Reporting Act survey and a satisfaction questionnaire, research paper on self help groups. There were survey participants included in this outcome evaluation. These results help to demonstrate that RAP services are associated with sustained recovery from substance use.
Boisvert et al 70 established and evaluated the effectiveness of research paper on self help groups peer support community program. The primary purpose was to determine whether rates of relapse would decrease among addicts in recovery living in permanent supportive housing and increase their perceptions of community affiliation, supportive behaviors, self-determination ie, proactive steps self-initiated to recoveryand quality of life.
The peer support program was implemented by an occupational therapist and addiction professional following SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration recovery community model. The staff person facilitated the first 10 weeks and then withdrew to a supportive background as the community became self-facilitating.
Meetings involved discussions on principles of a peer support recovery or peer-driven community between the therapist and residents.
Documents such as handouts and readings were provided to the community members who had interest in being a leader within the community, and supportive meetings were scheduled. The peer support group focused on training in leadership, group communication, and group facilitation with community-elected officers and conducted biweekly meetings and social events, all being organized by members.
Using previous year relapse data to provide a comparison rate, Boisvert et al 70 found significant reductions in relapse rates among participants in the peer support community programs. In addition, return to homelessness was dramatically reduced by assisting participants in managing their recovery. These results imply that peer and community support groups are important in the process of relapse reduction, in particular, groups that focus on self-determination, as it can have a positive impact on recovery from substance abuse and homelessness.
As for the main objectives, quantitative findings showed that three subscales ie, emotional support, tangible support, and affectionate support on the Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey demonstrated significant differences, although there were no significant differences regarding quality of life from the Quality of Life Rating.
Another study conducted by Tracy et al 21 investigated a new intervention, mentorship for alcohol problems MAPsthat included peer support groups and one-to-one mentorship services for individuals with alcohol-use disorders in community-treatment programs, research paper on self help groups.
Mentors participated for 6 months until multiple mentees received MAP for 12 weeks. Behavioral and biological measures were conducted in addition to fidelity measures. Feasibility and acceptance data in the domains of patient interest, safety, and satisfaction were promising. In addition, mentees significantly reduced their alcohol and drug use from baseline to termination and the majority of mentors sustained abstinence.
Fidelity measures indicated that mentors adhered to the delivery of treatment. Reported treatment effects occurred in reduction in the number of drinks per day period and number of days drank heavily per day period. Beyond associated reductions in alcohol and drug use, services that have included peer support groups have been utilized to engage substance-using populations in treatment.
Often high recidivism substance-using patients have difficulty connecting to outpatient treatment, contributing to greater functioning disturbances. The primary outcome was post-discharge treatment attendance. MAP-engage that included peer support groups offered an alternative approach to address lack of attendance to outpatient treatment appointments post discharge that is relatively low in staff reliance. Individuals who completed the program were significantly more likely to have received recovery support groups.
The Self Help Group - Needles [Official]
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